He Ao Hurihuri

Nō te tau 1824 ka tīmata te rere mai o ngā kaipuke a te Pākehā ki Kāpiti nei. Ka kawea mai ā rātou taputapu whakamīharo, ka manakohia e Ngāti Toa. He pū, he rino, he tupeka me ērā tūmomo taputapu katoa.

Kua mōhio a Te Rauparaha mā te pū ka noho rangatira a Ngāti Toa ki runga i te whenua. Nō reira ka whakahoahoa rātou ki te Pākehā kia whiwhi ai i ēnei mea. He muka harakeke, he rākau, he tohorā te take i haere mai ai rātou i Poihākena (Sydney), i Ingarangi (England), i Amerika ki ēnei motu. Nō te tau 1827 ka tahuri ngā tangata patu tohorā ki te whakatū teihana i te rohe o te Moana o Raukawa. Ko te teihana tuatahi i Te Awaiti (Tory channel), i te Tauihu o Te Waka a Mauī. Ko tōna kaihautū ko John "Jacky" Guard. I te tau 1830 ka whakatūria ngā teihana e rima ki Kāpiti me ngā motu iti e toru i waho atu. I Waiorua; i Te Kahu o te Rangi; i Rangatira, tētehi o ngā kāinga o Te Rauparaha; i Maraetakaroro; i Wharekohu, he kāinga anō tēnei nō Te Rauparaha.

E ai ki te pukapuka a Robert McNab," The Old Whaling Days" [1913], e rua rau, ono tekau ngā kaipuke whaiwhai tohorā ki te rohe o Kāpiti i te tekau tau 1830-1840. Ko te kōrero a te kāpene o te kaipuke 'Tranmere' i Poihākena i te 24 o Hune 1830, "I a au i te moutere o Kāpiti, e rua ngā kaipuke o Poihakena i reira. Ko te 'William Stoveld' tētehi, rua tekau mā rima tana te hinu wera i runga, ko te 'Hind' tētehi, he tohorā e here ana i tōna taha."

Ko tētehi o ngā taonga i tino hiahia te Pākehā he harakeke. I te marama o Hanuere tae noa atu ki te marama o Maehe i te tau 1831, kotahi rau, whā tekau mā rima tana te taumaha o te harakeke i utaina ki ngā kaipuke e rima, hei kawe ki Poihākena. Nō Kāpiti te nuinga o ngā kawenga nei. I te tau 1836 e whā rau, e ono kirokarāme ngā harakeke hei utu mō tētehi pū tino pai. Kotahi tana te taumaha o te harakeke hei utu mō te kāho paura (cask of gunpowder). Mā te mahi hokohoko harakeke ka whiwhi a Ngāti Toa i ngā mea a te Pākehā.

Ko Te Rauparaha tētehi o ngā rangatira i āta whakahaere hokohoko. Ko tana kupu whakahīhī i te tau 1830, kia rua mano ana pū - he toa me tana pū, he toa me tana pū, kapi noa.

He taonga anō te Pākehā i noho i raro i te maru o te rangatira Māori. Ka noho tēnā rangatira me tāna Pākehā, tēnā me tāna. Ko tā Te Rauparaha ko Te Oroa (Joe Rowe), i noho ki Kāpiti. He kaihokohoko taua tangata, kia whiwhi pū ai mā Te Rauparaha.

Ā, whakamoea ai e ngā rangatira Māori ā rātou tamāhine ki ngā Pākehā kia pai ai te whakahaere i ngā hokohoko. He maha ngā wāhine rangatira o Ngāti Toa i moe i ngā kaipatu tohorā.

Ko Mētapere Te Waipunaahau i moe i a George Stubbs, ka puta ko Wiremu Parata Te Kākākura, te mema Māori tuarua mō te Tai Hauāuru i Te Whare Pāremata o Niu Tireni, i ngā tau 1871–1875. Ko Kahe Te Rau o Te Rangi i moe i a John Nicol, ka puta ko Mere Te Rau, tāna ko Tā Māui Pomare, te tākuta Māori tuatahi (1901). I te tau 1911 ka tū hei mema i Te Whare Pāremata, hei māngai mō tana iwi o Te Tai Hauāuru. I Waiorua, wāhi o Kāpiti moutere, te kāinga o Mētapere rāua ko Te Rau o Te Rangi.

Anei te whakapapa o Ngāti Te Maunu, te hapū o Te Kakakura rāua ko Maui Pomare (PDF, 61 KB)

Ngā Mihingare

He tono nā Ngāti Toa i tae mai ai te Hāhi Mihingare ki tēnei pito o te motu. I te tau 1839 ka rere ngā karere, a Tamihana Te Rauparaha rāua ko Matene Te Whiwhi, ki Pewhairangi (Bay of Islands)   mā runga kaipuke. Ka tono ki a Te Karu Whā (Henry Willliams) rāua ko Wiremu Parata (William Williams) kia tukuna mai he mihingare mā Ngāti Toa. I te marama o Noema ka tae mai a Te Harawira (Octavius Hadfield) ki Kenakena, ki te pā nui o Te Āti Awa i te kōngutuawa o Waikanae.

I tūpono mai i te mutunga o Te Kuititanga, te pakanga whakamutunga i waenganui i ngā iwi o Kāpiti.

He raruraru i waenganui i a Te Āti Awa me Ngāti Raukawa i puta i te tangihanga o Waitohi, i te motu o Mana. He tuahine te kuia nei nō Te Rauparaha, ā, he wahine whai mana hoki nō Ngāti Toa me Ngāti Raukawa. Ko Waitohi tētehi o ngā rangatira nāna i āta whakanoho ēnei iwi ki ēnei whenua. Ehara i te mea nā te tāne anake i whakahaere te noho a te iwi, te hapū rānei, ki te whenua. Ko ngētehi anō o ngā wāhine, whai mana, whakahaere take whenua o Ngāti Toa, ko Ria Waitohi, ko Mētapere Te Waipunaahau, ko Te Rangi Topeora, ko Kahe Te Rau o Te Rangi, ko Oriwia Te Oka.

Nō muri tata iho i te tangihanga o Waitohi ka rewa te taua a Ngāti Raukawa, anga atu ki a Te Āti Awa i Waikanae. Ko Te Rangihīroa, ko Te Hiko, me ā raua tāngata o Ngāti Toa, i piri ki a Te Āti Awa. Ko Te Rauparaha me āna tangata i piri ki a Ngāti Raukawa. Ka huihui mai a Te Rangihīroa mā, a Te Rauparaha mā i Motungārara, he motu iti i waho o Kāpiti, mātakitaki ai. I te ata ka rangona te paku o ngā pū. Nā Te Hiko i ārahi ana tāngata ki te mura o te ahi hei āwhina i ōna whanaunga o Te Āti Awa. Ka mea atu a Te Rauparaha ki a Te Rangihiroa kia haere ki te hohou i te rongo ki ōna whanaunga o Te Āti Awa. He mōhio nō Te Rangihīroa he kaha ake a Te Āti Awa i a Ngāti Raukawa, ko tana whakautu ko Te Rauparaha kē me haere ki ōna o Raukawa.

Heoi, rere tika te waka o Te Rauparaha ki waho ake o Waikanae mātakitaki ai i te pakanga. Ahakoa whakahau atu a Te Rauparaha i a Ngāti Raukawa kia māia ki te whawhai, hinga marire a Ngāti Raukawa. Neke atu i te rima tekau o Ngāti Raukawa i patua e Te Manutoheroa o Te Āti Awa. I tanumia rātou katoa ki te rua kotahi, he mea whakarārangi ngā tūpāpaku me ā rātou taonga ki o rātou taha. E kīia ana ko te tanumanga tuatahi tēnei i te toa Māori i runga i te tikanga hou a ngā Karaitiana.

Na, ko Te Harawira anō hoki tētehi o ngā tāngata whiriwhiri i te maungārongo i waenganui i ngā iwi nei. I tērā wā anō ka tae mai te kaipuke, ko te 'Tory', nō te New Zealand Company. Ko ngā tino kaihautū o taua Kamupene ko Edward Gibbon Wakefield, ko tana teina ko Colonel William Wakefield (Te Wairaweke), me tana tama me Edward Jerningham Wakefield. Nā rātou ngā kaupapa hokohoko whenua hei whakanohonoho Pākehā, hei whakatū tāone mō te tini me te mano i Te Whanganui a Tara, i Porirua, i Kāpiti me ērā whenua katoa. I Te Whanganui a Tara ko Honiana Te Puni, ko Te Wharepouri, ko Wi Tako Ngātata ngā rangatira nā rātou i whakarite.

Ka tautohe a Te Rauparaha mā ki a Te Wairaweke nō rātou kē te mana whenua, ahakoa hei aha te whenua. Nō reira ka hokona e Te Rauparaha ngētehi o aua whenua kia mōhiotia whānuitia ai nōna te mana me te rangatiratanga o aua whenua. Na, whakaaro ake ana te Pākehā nei kua tukua rawatia e Te Rauparaha ōna whenua ki a rātou. Kāhore! Tō Te Rauparaha whakaaro ake he whenua i raupatuhia e ia, kore rawa e tukua noatia ki a rātou.

Nō te marama o Āperira 1840 ka hoki mai anō a Te Karu Whā (the Reverend Henry Williams) ki Pōneke ki te whakatutuki i te whakahau a Kāwana Hopihana, kia hainatia te Tiriti o Waitangi e ngā rangatira o tēnei pito o te motu.

I te 14 o Mei ka tukuna e Te Rauparaha tōna tohu ki te Tiriti. Ko Te Rangihaeata, ko Topeora, ko Matene Te Whiwhi, ko Tamihana Te Rauparaha anō ngētehi o Ngāti Toa i tuku i ō rātou tohu. Katoa, i mua i a Te Harawira rāua ko Te Karu Whā, i Ōtaki, i Kāpiti rānei. Ka taka ki te 4 o Hune, ko Te Rangihiroa rāua ko Te Ohu i Motungarara. Nō te 17 o Hune, ka ū a Major Bunbury me tana kaipuke, te 'Herald', ki te Koko a Kupe (Cloudy Bay). Ka kohia ngā tohu o Te Whaiti, o Te Wi, o Te Kanae, o Pukeko, o Nohorua, me Joseph Thoms, he Pākehā. I tohe rawa a Nohorua kia tukuna e tana hunaonga, e Thoms, tana tohu, mō te tūpono ka ngāro ngā whenua o ngā mokopuna, nō rāua tahi te hē.

Na, ka hoki te 'Herald', ka tū mai i waho o te motu o Mana i te 19 o Hune. Ka tūpono atu ki a Te Rauparaha rāua ko Te Rangihiaeata ka tohe a Major Bunbury me kite tonu ia i a Te Rauparaha e tuku ana anō i tana tohu, nā te mea koia rā te whakahau mai a Hopihana ki a ia.

Ka roa, ka tahuri a Te Harawira ki te hanga whare karakia ki te pā o Kenakena, i Waikanae. I manaakitia a Te Harawira e Te Rauparaha, ka haere tahi rāua ki Ōhau, ki te ngahere a Te Rauparaha, ki te tohu rākau hei tāhuhu mō te whare karakia, hei takoha māna ki a Te Āti Awa kia mau ai te rongo. Nō te tau 1843 ka oti, ka mīharo te iwi.

Ka tupu te whakaaro i a Te Rauparaha me waihanga hoki he whare karakia pai ake, nui noa ake i tō Waikanae. Ka mahi tahi rāua ko Te Harawira i Ōtaki, i te tau 1844. Ko Rangiātea tērā.

Kāore anō i oti, ka tū mai he riri i te tau 1843. Ko ngā kairūri o te Kamupene o Niu Tireni (New Zealand Company) i te ruri i te whenua i Wairau, i Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui. Ka pōuri a Nohorua, tuakana o Te Rauparaha. Ahakoa inoi atu ki a Captain Arthur Wakefeild kia whakamutua te ruri, i te mea nōna kē (nō Nohorua) te mana ki aua whenua, kāore i aro mai. Ā, rite tonu hoki te whakawhiti mai a ngā rangatira o Ngāti Toa, a Te Rauparaha, a Te Rangihaeata, a Rawiri Puaha, ki te inoi atu ki ngā tino kaiwhakahaere Pākehā, te aro mai. Tērā pea nā te apo whenua a te Pākehā i kore ai rātou i aro atu ki ngā rangatira o Ngāti Toa.

E rua tekau miriona ngā eka o te kerēme a te New Zealand Company i taua wā. Engari ka kaha rawa atu te whakahē a Ngāti Toa.

I te 15 o Āperira, ka haere ngā kairūri ki te ruri i te whenua nei. I te 12 o Mei ka inoi anō a Te Rauparaha rāua ko Te Rangihaeata ki a Commisioner Spain. He kupu whakatūpato nā rāua me mutu rawa te mahi a ngā kairūri nei. Nō te korenga o Spain i aro atu ki a ia i hohoro ai a Te Rauparaha me tana rau, rua tekau tangata ki Wairau ki te tiaki i te whenua. Ehara, ka rewa te rōpū Pākehā i Whakatū (Nelson) he rōpū mau pū ki te whakararata i a Ngāti Toa. I muri tata tonu ka eke a Captain Wakefield me tōna rōpū mau pū ki te puke o Tuamarina. Ka anga atu rātou ki a Te Rauparaha mā. Ahakoa kāore i te tino mōhiotia te pupuhi tuatahi, nā te Māori, nā te Pākehā rānei, rere ana te waiwaipū. Ko tētehi o ngā mea i hinga i konei ko Te Rongo, he wahine nā Te Rangihaeata. Kātahi a Te Rangiheata ka tohe ki a Te Rauparaha kia patua a Captain Wakefield me āna tangata tekau mā whitu hei utu mō Te Rongo. E rua tekau mā rua ngā mea Pākehā i matemate i reira.

I muri mai i te patunga ki Wairau ka noho wehi a tauiwi i Pōneke, i Whakatū, i ngā nohoanga Pākehā katoa o Te Upoko o Te Ika me Te Tauihu o Te Waka a Māui. Ko te take tēnei i kakai ai a Tā Hōri Kerei kia riro herehere a Te Rauparaha hei whakaiti i a Ngāti Toa. I te awatea tonu o te 23 o Hurae 1846, ka tau mai he Manuao (Man O War), ko te 'Driver', ki waho o te pā o Taupō, i Porirua. E rua rau ngā hōia i tukuna mai ki te hopu i a Te Rauparaha. E kīia ana, nā te māia o Te Rauparaha, ahakoa kua tino kaumātua kē, uaua rawa atu te pupuritia e ngā hoia e rima. Tokowhā ngā tāngata o Ngāti Toa i riro i taua wā, ko Te Rauparaha, ko Te Kanae, ko Tamaihengia, me te mōkai a Te Rauparaha ko Tupeka te ingoa.

Whakatika tonu mai te 'Driver' ki Pōneke, ka whakawhitia ngā mauherehere nei ki te kaipuke kē, ki te 'Calliope'. Tekau mā waru marama i mauherengia ai a Te Rauparaha. Ahakoa te roa o te wā e mauherengia ana a Te Rauparaha, kīhai te Kāwanatanga i whakatakoto whakapae ki te kōti. Ka awangawanga ngā tino rangatira o te motu i te rironga o Te Rauparaha. Nō te rongonga o Iwikau Te Heuheu i te whakaraunga o Te Rauparaha, ka tuhi reta ki a Tā Hori Kerei, ki te kore e tukuna a Te Rauparaha ka whakamomori ia. I pitihanatia hoki a Tā Hōri Kerei e Tāmati Waka Nene rāua ko Te Wherowhero kia tukuna a Te Rauparaha. Ka haere tonu mai ngētehi o ngā tino rangatira o Waikato, o Hauraki, o Ngā Puhi, o Ngāti Whātua ki te tangi ki a Te Rauparaha, i Tāmaki Makaurau.

Nō konei ka whakahau a Tā Hōri Kerei ki a Ngāti Toa kia hokona o rātou whenua ki te Kāwanatanga. I Te Waipounamu ko Wairau me Kaparatehau (246,058 heketea), me ngētehi whenua ki te taha tonga o Wairau (1.2 miriona heketea), me Porirua anō hoki (10,200 heketea). I utua e Te Kāwana e rima mano pauna ki a Ngāti Toa kia kore ai e kīia he mahi whānako nā Te Kāwanatanga. Ka haina a Rawiri Puaha rātou ko Tamihana Te Rauparaha, ko Matene Te Whiwhi i te pukapuka tuku whenua ki te Kāwanatanga, kia tukuna mai a Te Rauparaha.

I te marama o Hanuere 1848 ka ū mai te kaipuke ki waho o Ōtaki. I te hekenga iho o Te Rauparaha i te kaipuke haruru ana te whenua i te haka a te mano powhiri i a ia. Ko ana kaiārahi ko ngā tino rangatira o te motu, ko Te Wherowhero, ko Tāmati Waka Nene, ko Te Amohau, ko Taraia. Kātahi ka whaikōrero ngā rangatira ki a Te Rauparaha. I tana whakautu, ka poua e Te Rauparaha tana hoari ki ngā waewae o Paora Pohotirāha ka mea atu, "Haere mai, tangohia te mea nei! Kua mutu taku ruri ki te whenua, ka ruri ahau ki te rangi. Hangā he whare karakia mō tātou". Kātahi anō ka tahuri a Te Rauparaha ki te whakaoti i tāna i tīmata ai. Ko te whare karakia o Rangiātea. Ko Te Rauparaha te tino kaiwhakahaere o ēnei mahi, nāna anō i whakarite ngā hapū katoa o Ngāti Raukawa, mā tēnā he taka kai, mā tēnā he tārai rākau, mā tēnā, mā tēnā. He tokomaha ngā tāngata i whakatika mai i te karanga a Te Rauparaha kia waihangatia a Rangiātea, ā, e ai ki ngā kōrero, tahi mano ngā tangata āwhina i ngā mahi.

I taua wā noho ai a Te Rauparaha i te kāinga o tana tama, o Tamihana, i te taone o Ōtaki. kāore anō i oti a Rangiātea ka mate a Te Rauparaha i te 27 o ngā rā o Nōema i te tau 1849. Kāore anō te tau kotahi i pahure mai i tana hokinga mai i Akarana.

Whakatika tonu mai a Te Rangihaeata ki te tuku i tana poroporoaki whakamutunga ki tōna matua kēkē. Nāna anō i whakarite te wāhi nehu i te urupā o Rangiātea. Nō te 3 o ngā rā o Tīhema 1849 ka tanumia. Ka piki a Te Rangihaeata ki runga o Mutikotiko kia mātakitaki iho ia i te tukunga o tōna matua. Ka karanga iho ki te mano tangata, "Neke atu ki tahaki" ka whakawātea ngā tāngata kia mahea ai tana titiro mai. Ka tū wahangū mai, ā, ka tanumia noa.

Na, ehara tēnei i te mutunga o ngā kōrero mō te matenga o Te Rauparaha. Hei tā Johnny Westcott, he kaipatu wēra i ngā wā o mua, "Nō te pō whai muri i te nehunga o Te Rauparaha i kite au i te tira tangata, tahi rau te tokomaha, e amo ana i tētehi tūpāpaku i uhia ki te tāuhi. E mea ana taku wahine ki a au ko Te Rauparaha tēnā e kawea ana ki Kāpiti tanumia ai." Tērā anō te pātai a te tangata kei whea a Te Rauparaha e takoto ana? Kei te urupā tapu o Rangiātea, kei tetehi rua kōiwi i te moutere o Kāpiti rānei?

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